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	Author	Itzler, Mark A.; Krishnamachari, Uppili; Entwistle, Mark; Jiang, Xudong; Owens, Mark; Slomkowski, Krystyna
	Title	Dark Count Statistics in Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiode Cameras for 3-D Imaging LADAR			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.
	Volume	20	Issue	6	Pages	318-328
	Keywords	III-V semiconductors; avalanche photodiodes; cameras; gallium arsenide; gallium compounds; indium compounds; optical radar; radar imaging; statistical analysis; 3-D imaging LADAR; Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode cameras; InGaAsP; Poissonian intrinsic dark count rate; crosstalk events; dark count statistics; laser radar; non-Poissonian crosstalk counts; photon detection efficiency; single-photon sensitivity; temporal statistical analysis; wavelength 1.0 μm to 1.5 μm; arrays; cameras; crosstalk; laser radar; logic gates; photonics; radiation detectors; Geiger mode; single-photon; avalanche photodiode (APD); laser radar (LADAR); short-wave infrared (SWIR); three-dimensional (3-D) imaging
	Abstract	We describe cameras incorporating focal plane arrays of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GmAPDs) that enable 3-D imaging in laser radar (LADAR) systems operating at wavelengths near 1.0 and 1.5 μm. GmAPDs based on the InGaAsP material system achieve single-photon sensitivity at every pixel of the array and are hybridized to custom CMOS ROICs providing 0.25 ns timing resolution. We present camera-level performance for photon detection efficiency and dark count rate, along with a survey of the evolution of performance for a substantial number of 32 × 32 cameras. We then describe a temporal statistical analysis of the array-level dark count behavior that distinguishes between Poissonian intrinsic dark count rate and non-Poissonian crosstalk counts. We also report the spatial analysis of crosstalk events to complement the statistical temporal analysis. Differences between cameras optimized for the two different wavelengths-1.0 and 1.5 μm-are noted, particularly with regard to crosstalk behavior.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1077-260X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	UCF @ kdamkjer @ Itzler_2014			Serial	81
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